What Is an EORI Number?
An EORI (Economic Operator Registration and Identification) number is a unique identifier assigned to businesses and individuals who import or export goods. In the UK, EORI numbers are issued by HMRC and are required for all customs declarations.
A UK EORI number begins with "GB" followed by a 12-digit number — for example: GB123456789000.
Who Needs an EORI Number?
You need a UK EORI number if your business:
- Imports goods from outside the UK into Great Britain
- Exports goods from Great Britain to outside the UK
- Moves goods between Great Britain and Northern Ireland under certain circumstances
- Acts as a customs agent or freight forwarder on behalf of importers or exporters
Individual consumers importing goods for personal use do not need an EORI number — it is a business requirement.
Why Is It Required?
The EORI number is your identity in the UK customs system. It appears on every customs declaration, import/export licence application, and communication with HMRC about your goods movements. Without a valid EORI number, your goods cannot be cleared through UK customs.
How to Apply for a UK EORI Number
Applying for a UK EORI number is straightforward:
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Log in to the Government Gateway: You will need a Government Gateway account for your business. If you do not have one, you can create one during the application.
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Apply online at HMRC: Go to the HMRC website and select "Get an EORI number". You will need your:
- UK National Insurance number or Unique Taxpayer Reference (UTR)
- Business address and contact details
- Details of the type of trade you will be doing
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Receive your EORI number: In most cases, HMRC issues EORI numbers within 5 working days. Some applications are processed immediately.
EU EORI Numbers
If your business also exports to or imports from the EU, you may need an EU EORI number as well. EU EORI numbers are issued by customs authorities in EU member states. For example, if you regularly import goods through the Netherlands, you might apply for a Dutch EORI (beginning "NL").
Customs Clearance 24 can advise you on whether you need an EU EORI number and guide you through the application process for relevant EU member states.
What If You Do Not Have an EORI Number?
If you do not have an EORI number and you try to import or export goods, your shipment will not be cleared by HMRC. The goods will be held at the port or airport until a valid EORI is provided.
This can result in storage costs, delayed delivery, and frustrated customers or suppliers. It is essential to have your EORI number in place before your first shipment.
EORI Numbers and Customs Agents
When you use Customs Clearance 24 as your customs broker, we act on your behalf in dealings with HMRC. You will need to provide us with your EORI number so that declarations are submitted correctly in your name. If you do not yet have an EORI number, we can guide you through the application process as part of our onboarding.
Summary
- An EORI number is a mandatory identifier for UK businesses importing or exporting goods
- UK EORI numbers begin with "GB"
- Apply online through the Government Gateway — usually issued within 5 working days
- Without an EORI, your shipments cannot be cleared through UK customs
Contact Customs Clearance 24 if you need assistance with your EORI application or any aspect of UK customs clearance.